country/areas included
chemical plants tracked
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tonnes annual chemical capacity
Overview
Global Energy Monitor's Global Chemicals Tracker (GChT) tracks production of eight building block chemicals worldwide, revealing feedstock dependencies, ownership patterns, and the capacity development pipeline that underpins future decarbonization pathways for the chemical sector.
The Global Chemicals Tracker provides information on global production of eight “building block” chemicals: ethylene, propylene, and butadiene (“olefins”); benzene, toluene, and xylene (“aromatics”); ammonia; and methanol. The GChT includes plant-level data on location, ownership, operating status, primary and secondary chemical products, feedstocks, main production equipment, operating and developing capacity for the eight building block chemicals, and progress on four decarbonization technologies. It comprises facilities that produce any of the eight tracked chemicals, including standalone chemical plants, crude oil refineries, and integrated refinery and chemical operations. Each of these plant types consists of multiple units, which vary depending on chemical type and production method. The GChT reports chemical capacity on the plant level. Each plant included in the tracker is linked to a wiki page on GEM.wiki that provides additional details.
China holds 32% of global operating capacity, while India leads the development pipeline with 19% of developing capacity.
These eight building block chemicals account for roughly two-thirds of total energy demand in the global chemicals industry.
What's inside?
Insights and updates
The latest news and resources from GEM's Heavy Industry team.
Methodology
The Global Chemicals Tracker (GChT) is an updated and expanded version of the former Global Chemicals Inventory (GChI), which began as a joint effort from Global Energy Monitor and Spatial Finance Initiative. The GChT uses a two-level system for organizing information, consisting of both a database and wiki pages with further information. The database tracks individual chemical plants and includes information such as plant owner, location, operating status, primary and secondary chemical products, feedstocks, main production equipment, operating and developing capacity for the eight tracked primary chemicals, and progress on four decarbonization technologies. A wiki page for each plant is created within GEM.wiki, which contains publicly-citable citations for each data point and aims to contain more detailed, footnoted information such as plant history and ESJ (environmental and social justice) issues.
The Global Chemicals Tracker (GChT) expands upon the Global Chemicals Inventory (GChI), which began as a preliminary list of chemical plants in each country/area gathered from public and private data sources, including Spatial Finance Initiative’s Petrochemical Production Databases and data from various company and government sources. The data was then vetted against additional sources of information, listed below. The GChT contains chemical plant data which is current as of September 30, 2026.
Chemical plant data is updated and maintained through six main sources:
- Corporate reports and data sources from chemical plant owner and parent companies
- Government data on individual refineries and chemical plants
- Environmental permits and impact assessments
- Reports by national and regional chemical industry groups
- News and media reports
- Reports from chemical technology manufacturers
Where possible, chemical plant data is circulated for review to researchers familiar with local conditions and languages. The Spatial Finance Initiative prepared the preliminary list of global ethylene and ammonia plants upon which the GChI was based, and also served as reviewers of the initial GChI. The Spatial Finance Initiative is hosted at the Oxford Sustainable Finance Programme at the University of Oxford. The GChT expanded upon the GChI with new data including operating and developing capacity data for the eight building block chemicals, full parent ownership trees, main production equipment, and progress on four decarbonization technologies. The GChT was prepared by GEM’s Heavy Industry research team using publicly available sources. For full research credits, see the “Who built this tool?” section. Publicly available citations for each data point contained in the GChT can be found on the individual wiki page for each chemical plant, hosted on GEM.wiki.
The majority of research was completed through conventional internet searching and reviews of published datasets, reports, and news articles. AI tools including ChatGPT, Claude, and DeepSeek were used to support and deepen these research efforts in the following ways:
- Search for information sources not found through conventional means.
- Identify and explain feedstock types.
- Summarize asset information for GEM wiki pages.
All information presented through the use of AI was vetted by human researchers for accuracy, with a focus on identifying miscommunication of reported information and hallucination of facts. In cases where AI-reported information was used, primary sources are linked. All text generated through AI was edited and drafted by GEM staff.
For each chemical plant, a wiki page is created on Global Energy Monitor’s GEM.wiki. Wiki pages provide a repository for plant details including plant owner, plant status, chemical product and feedstock information, and location (coordinates and map), as well as additional in-depth information that may include plant background, financing, environmental impacts, raw material sourcing, finished product uses, public opposition, and aerial photographs. Under standard wiki convention, all information is linked to a published reference, such as a news article, company or government report, or a regulatory permit. In order to ensure data integrity in the open-access wiki environment, Global Energy Monitor researchers review all edits of project wiki pages.
Each plant is assigned the most recent operating status that could be verified as of September 30, 2026:
- Announced: Plant has been announced in corporate or governmental planning documents, but has not begun construction.
- Construction: Physical construction of the plant has begun.
- Operating: Plant is currently operating and producing chemicals.
- Operating pre-retirement: Company has announced plans to retire the plant, but it has not yet ceased operations.
- Mothballed: Chemical production has been idled such that it cannot be brought back into operation immediately, but the plant is not retired.
- Mothballed pre-retirement: Plant is mothballed, and the company has announced plans to permanently retire it.
- Retired: Plant has ceased operations and no longer has the ability to produce chemicals. Plants mothballed for over 5 years are considered retired.
- Cancelled: Plant that was previously planned or under development has been cancelled. Announced plants with no progress or announcements after 5 years are considered cancelled.
Capacity status generally follows the plant’s operating status, except where an operating plant is developing new capacity in addition to its existing capacity. In those cases, the new capacity is considered an expansion and is listed separately with a status of “developing.”
Primary products: This chemical product category includes any of the eight tracked chemicals produced on-site: ethylene, propylene, and butadiene (“olefins”); benzene, toluene, and xylene (“aromatics”); methanol; and ammonia. These chemical products are denoted as “Primary” even if they are consumed immediately downstream. In the few instances where the exact type of olefin or aromatic is unconfirmed, the primary product is listed as “olefins (unknown type)” or “aromatics (unknown type),” respectively.
Secondary products: This chemical product category includes any chemical other than the Primary products that are known to be made on-site (e.g., polyethylene, fertilizers, gasoline). These chemical products are denoted as “Secondary” even if they are the main economic product at the chemical plant, and are not comprehensive.
The GChT reports plant-level capacity for each of the eight building block chemicals in thousand tonnes per annum (ttpa). Existing capacity includes all capacity that has already been built at a plant, including at plants that are now mothballed or retired. Developing capacity is new capacity that is either announced or under construction, whether at a planned plant or as an expansion of an existing one, and is reported separately from existing capacity. Where multiple phases are in development, developing capacity reflects the total of all phases and the planned start date reflects the earliest known phase. Capacity reported in other units is converted to ttpa, and daily figures are multiplied by 365. If a chemical is known to be produced or planned at a plant but its capacity could not be found, the capacity value is left blank.
Capacity only counts chemicals that a plant produces from feedstocks that are not already one of the eight tracked chemicals. Tracked chemicals that a plant purchases and then purifies or separates (for example, separating purchased mixed xylenes into p-xylene) are not counted again, since that capacity is already reported at the plant where it was originally produced. Where olefin or aromatic capacity is known but cannot be attributed to a specific chemical, it is reported as “unspecified” within its product group, so summing a product group gives the plant’s total without double counting. The total capacity figure at the top of this page includes operating and developing capacity at plants that are operating, operating pre-retirement, announced, or under construction.
The GChT records the main equipment used on-site to produce the eight tracked chemicals, as well as the syngas and hydrogen production units that supply ammonia and methanol synthesis. Equipment types include steam crackers, propane dehydrogenation reactors, fluid catalytic crackers, catalytic reformers, Haber-Bosch reactors, methanol synthesis reactors, methanol-to-olefins and methanol-to-aromatics reactors, steam methane reformers, autothermal reformers, coal and biomass gasifiers, and electrolyzers. This field only includes equipment confirmed to exist on-site and is not a comprehensive list of all equipment at a plant.
The GChT tracks the status of four technologies being pursued to decarbonize chemical production: carbon capture and storage or utilization (CCS/CCUS), electrified process heat, low-carbon hydrogen feedstock or fuel, and bio- or waste-based feedstock or fuel. Each field is marked:
- Yes: The technology is in use at full scale at the plant.
- Developing: The technology is announced, under construction, or operating only at pilot or demonstration scale.
- No: No such activity was identified at the plant.
CCS/CCUS refers to capture infrastructure physically located at the plant, and does not include plants that only use CO2 captured elsewhere. Low-carbon hydrogen refers to electrolytic hydrogen or hydrogen from natural gas reforming paired with carbon capture. For the November 2026 release, electrified process heat was researched for electric steam crackers only. A value of “yes” or “developing” does not mean the entire plant runs on that technology.
Frequently Asked Questions
The Global Chemicals Inventory (GChI) was the initial version of GEM’s flagship chemicals dataset, released in November 2025, and only included operating plants. The Global Chemicals Tracker (GChT), released in November 2026, builds on the GChI by adding plants of all operating statuses, operating and developing capacity for the eight building block chemicals, key dates and plant age, plant type, main production equipment, progress on four decarbonization technologies, and full parent ownership.
Each plant location is marked “exact” or “approximate.” In the case of exact coordinates, locations have been visually determined using Google Maps, Google Earth, or Wikimapia. If the location of a plant is not known, GEM identifies the most approximate location.
The Global Chemicals Tracker aims to include all chemical plants that produce at least one of the eight tracked chemicals in each country or area, regardless of size, across the following operating statuses: Announced, Construction, Operating, Operating pre-retirement, Mothballed, Mothballed pre-retirement, Retired, and Cancelled. If a plant has been mothballed for over 5 years, it is considered retired. If no progress or announcements for an announced plant are made after 5 years, it is considered to be cancelled. Retired plants are only included if they were retired in 2021 or later. Researchers did not systematically search for retired or cancelled plants for the November 2026 release, so coverage of these two statuses is not comprehensive.
The standard naming convention of the Global Chemicals Tracker is “[Company] [Municipality] [Plant Type]”. Some plants are given unique names by the owners, or based on local conventions that fall outside of the standard naming convention. Those unique names are indicated when relevant.
The GChT tracks global production of eight “building block” chemicals: ethylene, propylene, and butadiene (“olefins”); benzene, toluene, and xylene (“aromatics”); ammonia; and methanol. Where possible, the GChT also tracks secondary chemical products produced within the same plants that produce one of the eight primary chemical products.
Yes, chemical plants can produce one or more of the eight primary chemical products tracked by the GChT, plus any number of other secondary chemical products that are produced on-site within the same chemical plant.
As there are many thousands of distinct chemical products, it is important to distinguish which chemicals fall within the scope of the Global Chemicals Tracker. The chemicals tracked within this dataset are categorized as follows:
- Primary products: This chemical product category includes any of the eight tracked chemicals produced on-site: ethylene, propylene, and butadiene (“olefins”); benzene, toluene, and xylene (“aromatics”); methanol; and ammonia. These chemical products are denoted as “Primary” even if they are consumed immediately downstream. In the few instances where the exact type of olefin or aromatic is unconfirmed, the primary product is listed as “olefins (unknown type)” or “aromatics (unknown type),” respectively.
- Secondary products: This chemical product category includes any chemical other than the Primary products that are known to be made on-site (e.g., polyethylene, fertilizers, gasoline). These chemical products are denoted as “Secondary” even if they are the main economic product at the chemical plant, and are not comprehensive.
Any secondary chemical products other than the eight primary chemical products that are known to be made on-site are included in the data for a given chemical plant. The list of secondary chemical products is not comprehensive. Secondary chemicals are only listed if they are confirmed to be made on-site according to credible public sources. A given plant could have no secondary chemical products listed because it only produces primary chemical products, or because no credible data source is available to confirm any secondary chemical production.
The Global Chemicals Tracker sorts each plant into one of three categories, based on whether the feedstocks for its tracked chemicals are produced on-site through oil refining:
- Chemicals only: These plants produce one or more of the eight tracked primary chemicals from feedstocks produced off-site, such as natural gas, coal, naphtha, or ethane. They do not produce traditional refinery products like diesel, jet fuel, or gasoline.
- Refinery only: These plants refine crude oil as their primary economic activity and also produce one or more of the eight tracked primary chemicals as part of their refining operations, most commonly propylene, benzene, toluene, xylene, or methanol.
- Integrated refinery and chemicals: These plants refine crude oil on-site and use refinery outputs such as naphtha as feedstocks to produce one or more of the eight tracked primary chemicals within the same facility. A refinery and chemical plant are only considered integrated if they are physically co-located and share the same immediate owner. Otherwise, they are tracked as separate plants.
The GChT has integrated its owner and parent data with GEM’s Global Energy Ownership Tracker. Please visit that project’s homepage for more information.
The GChT reports the first owner/operator of the plant in the “Owner” column and the ultimate parent companies along with their percent stake in the plant in the “Parent” column. If there is an owner or parent with no stake percentage listed, the exact percentage data has not been confirmed.
Please fill out an error report here.
The tracker was designed and produced by Global Energy Monitor. To the extent possible, the information in the tracker has been verified by researchers familiar with particular countries/areas. The following Global Energy Monitor researchers participated in plant-by-plant research for the November 2026 update: Fanwei Liu, Henna Khadeeja, Jessie Zhi, Joe Hittinger, Larkin Cleland, Rolando Almada, Zhanaiym Kozybay, and Ziwei Zhang.
The following people participated in plant-by-plant research in previous versions of this dataset (2025): Caitlin Swalec (Global Energy Monitor), Charmaine Dalisay (Global Energy Monitor), Norah Elmagraby (Global Energy Monitor), Charlene Hou (formerly Global Energy Monitor), David Kampmann (Spatial Finance Initiative), Smriti Jalihal (Spatial Finance Initiative), Christophe Christiaen (Spatial Finance Initiative), Alok Singh (Spatial Finance Initiative), Neetu Kushawa (Spatial Finance Initiative), and Ben Caldecott (Spatial Finance Initiative).
The project is managed by Joe Hittinger within GEM’s Heavy Industry Program, managed by Caitlin Swalec, with support from Ryan Driskell Tate.
The plant-level dataset is an Excel workbook with four tabs. The “About” tab includes the recommended citation, operating status definitions, and release notes, and the “Metadata” tab defines every column in the dataset. The “Plant Data” tab contains one row per plant, with information on location, ownership, operating status, key dates, plant type, products, feedstocks, main production equipment, and decarbonization technologies. The “Chemical Capacities” tab contains one row for each combination of plant, chemical, and capacity status, and links to the “Plant Data” tab through the GEM Plant ID. Throughout the dataset, “N/A” indicates a field does not apply to a given plant, and “not found” indicates the field applies but the value could not be determined from publicly available sources. The exception is capacity values, which are left blank when the value could not be found. The dataset does not include source references; citations for each plant are available on its GEM.wiki page.
Please refer to the Download Data section for citation guidance.
Contact
For questions about the Global Chemicals Tracker, contact Joe Hittinger: